SS-31
Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide studied for cardiolipin binding, energy, and oxidative-stress research.
Molecular reference
Research background
SS-31 — also known as Elamipretide — is the headline compound in mitochondrial research: the tool labs reach for when the question is cellular energy and aging at the level of the cell's powerhouse. It is a small four-amino-acid peptide that homes in on cardiolipin, a lipid found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is studied around mitochondrial function, energy production, and oxidative stress.
Its specific affinity for the mitochondrial membrane is what sets it apart from general antioxidant research tools.
Summarizes published preclinical literature. Provided for research reference only; not a claim of efficacy or a description of human use.
Reconstitution
- Supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder for laboratory reconstitution.
- Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) is the most common reconstitution solvent for multi-use research handling; sterile or acetic-acid solutions are used for specific compounds.
- Introduce solvent slowly against the vial wall rather than directly onto the powder, and allow it to dissolve without vigorous shaking.
- Use the reconstitution calculator to determine solvent volume for a target concentration in your protocol.
Storage & handling
- Lyophilized powder: store sealed at -20 °C for long-term stability; short periods at 2–8 °C are generally acceptable.
- Once reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8 °C and protect from light; use within the compound-specific window noted on the COA.
- Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles of reconstituted solution.
- Keep away from direct light and heat at all times.
Purity & verification
Every Popular Peptides batch is third-party tested by HPLC and LC-MS with a published Certificate of Analysis (≥99% purity).
SS-31 in depth
Lyophilized and reconstituted storage conditions, plus the practical working window.
Diluent selection, dissolution behaviour, and the calculator preset for this compound.
Which solvents work, why, and what abnormal dissolution behaviour indicates.
The specific chemical routes by which this molecule breaks down, and how to limit each.
Which assays are informative for this molecule, and what to actually check on its COA.
Compound-specific bench practices, and the errors most often made with this molecule.
What to inspect on arrival, and which conditions actually warrant rejecting a vial.
Questions specific to this compound — structure, chemistry, and common misconceptions.
Compared with other compounds
Related compounds
SS-31 is sold strictly as a research chemical for in-vitro laboratory and research use only. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use. This page is educational reference information, not medical or usage guidance.