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Research Comparison

5-Amino-1MQ vs FOXO4-DRI

5-Amino-1MQ and FOXO4-DRI are studied in overlapping research areas, which is why they are frequently compared. This is a neutral side-by-side reference drawn from published preclinical literature and laboratory handling data.

Shared research areas:Cellular Longevity
ClassSmall-molecule NNMT inhibitor (methylquinolinium salt) — not a peptide46-residue all-D retro-inverso peptide
Molecular weightNot specified5358.2 g/mol
CAS numberNot assigned / not specified2460055-10-9
Purity spec≥99%≥99%
Research areasMetabolic, Cellular LongevityCellular Longevity
Primary diluentBacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol)Sterile water (USP grade)
Working windowCommonly worked with for several weeks at 2-8 °C in preserved diluent.Commonly worked with for 2-3 weeks at 2-8 °C in bacteriostatic water.
Lead degradation routeMicrobial growth in non-preserved diluent — a container problem rather than a molecular one.Deamidation at the Asn-Gly motif in the sequence — the fastest-deamidating dipeptide in peptide chemistry.
Freeze–thawTolerant of freeze-thaw — there is no tertiary structure to lose. Aliquoting is still good practice to limit repeated exposure of the stock.Aliquot on first reconstitution and freeze aliquots once; avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles, which concentrate the peptide and salts at the ice interface.
Light sensitivityNo specific light requirement beyond normal practice.Contains a tryptophan residue, which is susceptible to photo-oxidation — store in the dark.

How they actually differ

Comparing the two: 5-Amino-1MQ is small-molecule nnmt inhibitor (methylquinolinium salt) — not a peptide, while FOXO4-DRI is 46-residue all-d retro-inverso peptide — different molecular classes with different handling consequences; they call for different primary diluents (bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) versus sterile water (usp grade)); their leading degradation routes differ (microbial growth in non-preserved diluent for 5-Amino-1MQ, deamidation at the asn-gly motif in the sequence for FOXO4-DRI), so the storage precautions that matter are not the same; their practical working windows differ once reconstituted. The sections below set out each in full.

5-Amino-1MQ — origin

5-Amino-1MQ is a small quinolinium molecule characterised as a first-in-class inhibitor of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase), an enzyme studied at the intersection of adipocyte metabolism and the cellular NAD+/methylation pool. It is not an amino-acid chain, which is why it sits apart from every peptide in this catalogue.

FOXO4-DRI — origin

FOXO4-DRI was designed in the laboratory of Peter de Keizer (Erasmus University Medical Center) and published in Cell in 2017 (Baar et al.). It mimics the region of the transcription factor FOXO4 that binds p53, but is built from D-amino acids in reversed order — a retro-inverso design that keeps the side-chain layout while making the backbone unrecognisable to proteases. A cationic, arginine-rich tail derived from the HIV-TAT cell-penetrating sequence carries it into cells.

5-Amino-1MQ research themes

NNMT inhibition

The defining mechanism — preclinical work has examined how blocking NNMT shifts methylation flux and NAD+ salvage in metabolic tissue models.

Adipocyte energy metabolism

Studied in fat-cell models for effects on cellular energy handling and lipid metabolism.

NAD+ economy

Because NNMT consumes a methyl group tied to the NAD+ precursor pool, it is studied alongside the wider NAD+ research field.

FOXO4-DRI research themes

FOXO4–p53 interaction in senescent cells

The founding study showed that senescent cells rely on FOXO4 holding p53 in the nucleus. Interfering with that interaction caused p53 nuclear exclusion and intrinsic apoptosis selectively in senescent cells in culture (Baar et al., Cell 2017).

Chemotoxicity and ageing mouse models

The same study examined doxorubicin-induced senescence, fast-ageing XpdTTD/TTD mice and naturally aged mice, reporting changes in fur density, fitness and renal markers.

Senescent Leydig cells

Studied in hydrogen-peroxide-induced senescent TM3 Leydig cells and aged mice for effects on the testicular microenvironment (Zhang et al., Aging 2020).

Expanded human chondrocytes

At 25 µM in vitro it removed a large share of late-passage (senescent-enriched) human chondrocytes while sparing early-passage cells, without improving cartilage-forming capacity (Huang et al., Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021).

5-Amino-1MQ handling

  • Let the sealed vial reach room temperature before opening so moisture does not condense onto the powder.
  • For cell-based assays, prepare a concentrated DMSO stock and dilute into aqueous buffer rather than dissolving directly at high concentration in medium.
  • Label aliquots with reconstitution date and diluent.

FOXO4-DRI handling

  • Let the vial reach room temperature before opening.
  • Add diluent gently down the vial wall and swirl; do not vortex.
  • Use low-bind polypropylene rather than glass for dilutions — the cationic tail adsorbs to glass.
  • Protect solutions from light.

Both third-party tested

Every Popular Peptides batch of 5-Amino-1MQ and FOXO4-DRI is independently tested by HPLC and LC-MS with a published Certificate of Analysis. Enter a lot number to pull the COA for a specific vial.

Verify a batchPublished COAsHow we test

5-Amino-1MQ reference

Full 5-Amino-1MQ reference 5-Amino-1MQ storage 5-Amino-1MQ reconstitution 5-Amino-1MQ calculator5-Amino-1MQ product details

FOXO4-DRI reference

Full FOXO4-DRI reference FOXO4-DRI storage FOXO4-DRI reconstitution FOXO4-DRI calculatorFOXO4-DRI product details

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5-Amino-1MQ and FOXO4-DRI are supplied strictly as research chemicals for in-vitro laboratory and research use only. They are not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use. This comparison summarizes published preclinical literature and laboratory handling data; it is not medical advice, not a claim of efficacy, and not usage guidance.