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PT-141 (Bremelanotide) vs SS-31

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) and SS-31 are studied in overlapping research areas, which is why they are frequently compared. This is a neutral side-by-side reference drawn from published preclinical literature and laboratory handling data.

Shared research areas:Metabolic
ClassCyclic heptapeptide, melanocortin receptor agonistMitochondria-targeting aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (cardiolipin-binding)
Molecular weight1025.2 g/mol639.81 g/mol
CAS number189691-06-3Not assigned / not specified
Purity spec≥99%≥99%
Research areasReproductive, MetabolicCellular Longevity, Metabolic
Primary diluentBacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol)Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol)
Working windowCommonly worked with for 2–4 weeks at 2–8 °C.Commonly worked with for 3-4 weeks at 2-8 °C.
Lead degradation routeTryptophan photo-oxidation — the main chemical route for this sequence.Adsorptive loss to plasticware from the cationic charge — the main practical concern.
Freeze–thawAliquot on reconstitution. The lactam ring is chemically robust, so the constraints here are the usual oxidative and interfacial ones.Tolerant; the unnatural residues resist degradation. Aliquot as standard practice.
Light sensitivityProtect from light — tryptophan photo-oxidation applies.No specific light requirement beyond normal practice.

How they actually differ

Comparing the two: PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is cyclic heptapeptide, melanocortin receptor agonist, while SS-31 is mitochondria-targeting aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (cardiolipin-binding) — different molecular classes with different handling consequences; their leading degradation routes differ (tryptophan photo-oxidation for PT-141 (Bremelanotide), adsorptive loss to plasticware from the cationic charge for SS-31), so the storage precautions that matter are not the same; their practical working windows differ once reconstituted. The sections below set out each in full.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) — origin

PT-141 is a metabolite of Melanotan II, and its history is an unusually direct case of a side effect becoming the research programme. Melanotan II was developed as a synthetic α-MSH analogue for pigmentation research; an unanticipated effect observed during that work redirected attention to the metabolite, which was then developed separately as bremelanotide.

SS-31 — origin

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a Szeto-Schiller aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-Lys-Phe-NH2) that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin, the lipid unique to that membrane. Its structure is the reason it is studied specifically at the mitochondrion rather than as a general antioxidant.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) research themes

Melanocortin receptor pharmacology

Acts at melanocortin receptors, with MC3R and MC4R the subtypes of research interest.

Central rather than peripheral mechanism

Distinguished in the literature by acting centrally, unlike vascular-mechanism compounds in adjacent research areas.

Melanotan II lineage

Its origin as a metabolite of a pigmentation-research compound is central to understanding its development history.

Cyclic constraint

The lactam bridge restricts conformational freedom, a common strategy for improving receptor selectivity.

SS-31 research themes

Cardiolipin binding

Studied for selective association with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the basis of its mitochondrial targeting.

Electron transport efficiency

Examined for effects on mitochondrial energy production in research models of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Oxidative stress

Investigated around reactive-oxygen-species handling at the mitochondrion.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) handling

  • Protect from light at all stages.
  • Standard gentle reconstitution; the constrained ring is not agitation-sensitive in the way flexible long chains are.
  • Store refrigerated and aliquot rather than repeatedly sampling one vial.

SS-31 handling

  • Reach room temperature before opening.
  • Use low-bind labware and buffers at low working concentrations to limit adsorption of the cationic peptide.
  • Aliquot and refrigerate.

Both third-party tested

Every Popular Peptides batch of PT-141 (Bremelanotide) and SS-31 is independently tested by HPLC and LC-MS with a published Certificate of Analysis. Enter a lot number to pull the COA for a specific vial.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) reference

SS-31 reference

Related comparisons

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) and SS-31 are supplied strictly as research chemicals for in-vitro laboratory and research use only. They are not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use. This comparison summarizes published preclinical literature and laboratory handling data; it is not medical advice, not a claim of efficacy, and not usage guidance.